Italy case study: Arborea Plain
The Arborea Plain, in the Sardinia Region (Italy), is a hydraulic reclamation area, where animal manure and slurry, as well as synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, have been applied on the fields. This has resulted in high nitrate concentrations, especially in the shallow aquifer, such that it was designated as a NVZ (Nitrate Vulnerable Zone) under the Nitrates Directive in 2005. Besides the groundwater, nitrates and phosphates are also lost directly by surface runoff to the reclamation channels network ending to the S’Ena Arrubia natural wetland, which is an EU recognized naturalistic site.
Issues to be addressed
Reduce the risk of water pollution from agriculture; Pollution restoring water bodies to acceptable water quality standards while ensuring profitable agri-food activities; Provide more informed decisions on organic matter and mineral fertilizer application better tailored to crop needs, soil conditions, and the agroecosystem’s nitrogen cycle
Solutions and Technologies implemented in the case study area
The farm conducts cutting-edge research on sustainable crop production, soil health, water management, and pest control.
It focuses on developing innovative techniques that optimize resource use and minimize agricultural pollution. Research areas include precision agriculture, smart irrigation systems, and renewable energy integration, which are essential for sustainable farming.
Expected impacts
Reduction in the contamination of water bodies by agri-food practices upscaling results from the farm to the whole water basin area considering the different sources of water contamination related to the agrifood activities. Development of a site-specific solution to reduce nitrate leaching before the waters reach the aquifer, in order to limit contamination.

About the partner
The University of Cagliari (UNICA) is a public state University with about 25,000 students and over 2,000 teaching and technical administrative staff.It is located in the island of Sardinia-Italy, in the middle of the Mediterranean. Given its geographic location, it has consolidated relationships and exchanges with the southern Mediterranean countries, at both students and staff levels.An international mix of students coming from foreign HEIs (400 this year) enriches the local community of students. Thanks to more than 1000 partnership agreements, UNICA’s students have various opportunities to study abroad. Besides that, about more than 100 visiting professors come to Cagliari’s University yearly.UNICA offers structures and integrated study plans, training activities closely tied to labor market and research, to increase international competitiveness.The Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences (DSCG-UNICA) was established in 2012, combining Geological and Chemical skills. The mission of the DSCG-UNICA is to advance knowledge on land management and perform researches both basic and applied. The Department has 13 full professors, 31 associate professors and 25 researchers. Research in the Department is highly cooperative and international.
The Università di Basilicata (UNIBAS) was founded after the 1980 earthquake, as a sign of rebirth after the mournful event.
The University of Basilicata aims to promote the development of knowledge and the growth of people and the territory, placing both in an increasingly open and international context. Thanks to its presence in the two capital cities, the university can influence the entire regional territory, which is characterised by rich natural resources, cultural heritage, discrete industrial concentrations and a marked vocation for sustainable agriculture and quality agro-industry. However, the region also presents challenges related to infrastructural and demographic deficits, complex orography, high natural risks and the vulnerability of natural and environmental assets. In this scenario, the University’s mission goes beyond the higher education of the new generations, also assuming the role of a cultural stronghold and a promoter of the region, contributing to economic and social development and fostering internationalisation processes through its research networks.
The Università degli Studi della Basilicata is a public institution that through the implementation of its three institutional missions (Teaching, Research and Third Mission) contributes to the advancement of knowledge while respecting fundamental values.
Beneficiaries
Farmers, Environment
Stakeholders involved
Farmers, 3A, Oristano Land Reclamation and Irrigation Consortium, River Basin District Agencies (ADIS); Regional Environmental Agencies of Sardinia (ARPAS).
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